华南春季强风暴背景流场的若干特征          下载免费PDF全文

贺海晏 《大气科学》1993,17(5):532-539

本文利用常规探测资料,分析了1983年3月25日发生在珠江三角洲地区的一次强对流天气过程背景流场的几个重要特征,如高空急流的结构与变化、辐散风场及与之相联系的背景次级环流、风场垂直切变和水平切变等.  相似文献   

Flood dynamics of a concrete-lined,urban stream in Kansas City,Missouri     

D. M. Vaughn 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1990,15(6):525-537

Brush Creek drains a 76·1 km² watershed within urban Kansas City, Missouri and eastern Kansas. A concrete-lined reach trending 6·1 km through the Plaza District of Kansas City, Missouri has been the focus for several major floods over the past ten years. Channel geometry, slope, and floodwater elevations were determined in the field for segments of the concrete-lined section of Brush Creek for a flood event that occurred on September 18, 1986. Discharge was computed by indirect methods and compared to a value determined from a rating curve established by the Water Resources Division of the U.S.G.S. Boundary shear stress, unit stream power, and average velocity were also computed in order to establish a quantitative relationship between sediment distribution, volume, and size fractions; and flow dynamics operating throughout the channel during this event. Boundary shear stress ranged from 91-96 Nm^?2, stream power was 528-557 Wm^?2, while average velocity was 5-8 ms^?1. These values were sufficient to displace concrete slabs as large as 5 m long by 4·6 m wide by 0·23 m thick weighing an estimated 12 245 kg. As the channel was sediment free and unsecured prior to the flood, the distribution of deposits and subsequent channel scour provide valuable evidence for potentially hazardous sections of this urban stream.  相似文献   

Relationships among dissolved organic matter,iron, and discharge in a moorland stream     

Ian C. Grieve 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1984,9(1):35-41

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and iron in a moorland stream were determined at 8-hour intervals over a 6-month period to examine relationships with streamflow. Regression of both solutes on discharge were positive and explained 50–70 per cent of the variance in the solute data, but better predictions were obtained in both cases when a covariate reflecting temporal variation in the relationships was introduced (explained variance 80–90 per cent). Variations in the regression of Fe on DOM were also identified, indicating differences in the complexing power of DOM for Fe and possible variations in the chemical composition of the DOM.  相似文献   

Rapid entrenchment of stream profiles in the salt caves of Mount Sedom,Israel     

Amos Frumkin  Derek C. Ford 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1995,20(2):139-152

Rock salt is approximately 1000 times more soluble than limestone and thus displays high rates of geomorphic evolution. Cave stream channel profiles and downcutting rates were studied in the Mount Sedom salt diapir, Dead Sea rift valley, Israel. Although the area is very arid (mean annual rainfall ≈ 50 mm), the diapir contains extensive karst systems of Holocene age. In the standard cave profile a vertical shaft at the upstream end diverts water from a surface channel in anhydrite or clastic cap rocks into the subsurface route in the salt. Mass balance calculations in a sample cave passage yielded downcutting rates of 0–2 mm s^?1 during peak flood conditions, or about eight orders of magnitude higher than reported rates in any limestone cave streams. However, in the arid climate of Mount Sedom floods have a low recurrence interval with the consequence that long-term mean downcutting rates are lower: an average rate of 8·8 mm a^?1 was measured for the period 1986–1991 in the same sample passage. Quite independently, long-term mean rates of 6·2mm a^?1 are deduced from ¹⁴C ages of driftwood found in upper levels of 12 cave passages. These are at least three orders of magnitude higher than rates established for limestone caves. Salt cave passages develop in two main stages: (1) an early stage characterized by high downcutting rates into the rock salt bed, and steep passage gradients; (2) a mature stage characterized by lower downcutting rates, with establishment of a subhorizontal stream bed armoured with alluvial detritus. In this mature stage downcutting rates are controlled by the uplift rate of the Mount Sedom diapir and changes of the level of the Dead Sea. Passages may also aggrade. These fast-developing salt stream channels may serve as full-scale models for slower developing systems such as limestone canyons.  相似文献   

塔里木河水质盐化及改善途径   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

樊自立  马英杰  张惠  杜莉 《水科学进展》2002,13(6):719-725

塔里木河在1958年前是一条淡水河,河水的矿化度在各段及不同季节均未超过1.0g/L,现全河段各月平均矿化度除8月洪水季节<1.0g/L,其余各月都在1.0g/L以上。上游阿拉尔水文站平均每年有5个月为1～3g/L,4个月为3～5g/L,2个月超过5g/L,最高5月份达到6.3g/L.阿拉尔的淡水所占比例不足年平均径流量的35%.下游卡拉全部为微咸水。造成塔里木河水矿化度升高的原因,除气候干旱、蒸发强烈、土壤含盐量高等自然因素外,主要是灌溉、排水不合理,上游三条主要支流灌溉引水增加,使补给干流的淡水资源量由1960年前的50.0亿m3减少到1990年后的42.0亿m3;与此同时大量农田排水泄入塔里木河,每年带入盐量达467.4万t.要改善塔里木河水质,必须减少农田排水泄入,实行咸、淡分流,退耕还林;并在源流区适度开发地下水,使三源流向塔里木河输水量每年不少于46.0亿m3。  相似文献   

高山峡谷区快速评价找矿靶区的化探方法技术     

马生明  朱立新  周国华  张金炳 《物探与化探》2002,26(3):185-191

根据在滇西燕子洞矿段的化探方法技术试验研究结果 ,将水化学测量作为高山峡谷区靶区三级查证的方法 ,并对常规水系沉积物测量、土壤测量的工作方法进行了调整。试点测量结果表明 ,找矿效果良好 ,工作效率大幅度提高  相似文献   

高空急流入口区次级环流在一次突发性强降水过程中的作用     

覃庆第 《气象研究与应用》2001,22(4):20-22

通过对 1999年秋季一次突发性降水过程高空急流的分析 ,发现急流入口区南侧辐散 ,其低层辐合上升 ,当低层有印缅槽活动的时候 ,对流加强 ,印缅槽发展 ;急流入口区北侧辐合 ,其低层辐散下沉 ,有向南的非地转风  相似文献   

THE STUDY OF STORM RAINFALL CAUSED BY INTERACTION BETWEEN THE NON-ZONAL HIGH LEVEL JET STREAK AND TYPHOON IN THE DISTANCE   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

丁治英  张兴强  何金海  徐海明 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2001,7(2):187-198

In this paper, statistics were analyzed concerning correlation between the storm rainfall far from typhoon and non-zonal upper-level jet stream. The results show that the jet stream at 200 hPa is constantly SW (90.2 %) during the period in which storm rainfall occurs. Rainfall area lies in the right rear regions of the jet axes. While the storm intensifies, the jet tends to be stronger and turn non-zonal. With the MM4 model, numerical simulation and diagnosis were carried out for Typhoon No.9711 (Winnie) on August 19 to 20, 1997. The distant storm rainfall is tightly correlative to the jet and low-level typhoon trough. The divergence field of jet is related to the v component. The upper level can cause the allobaric wind convergence at low level. This is the result of the form of low-level typhoon trough and the strength of the storm. By scale analysis, it is found that there is a branch of middle scale transverse inverse circulation in the right entrance regions behind the jet below the 300-hPa level, which is very important to the maintenance and strengthening of storm rainfall. This branch of inverse circulation is relative to the reinforcement of jet's non-zonal characteristics. From the field of mesoscale divergence field and non-zonal wind field, we know that the stronger symmetry caused by transverse circulation in the two sides of the jet, rainfall’s feedback and reinforcement of jet’s non-zonal characteristics had lead to positive feedback mechanism that was favorable of storm rainfall’s strengthening.  相似文献   

The impact of resolution on the accuracy of hydrologic data derived from DEMs   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

TANG Guo-an  HUI Yang-he  Josef Strobl  LIU Wang-qing 《地理学报(英文版)》2001,11(4):393-401

1 Introduction Automated extraction of drainage features from DEMs is an effective alternative to the tedious manual mapping from topographic maps. The derived hydrologic characteristics include stream-channel networks, delineation of catchment boundaries, catchment area, catchment length, stream-channel long profiles and stream order etc. Other important characteristics of river catchments, such as the stream-channel density, stream-channel bifurcation ratios, stream-channel order, number…  相似文献   

上黑龙江植被覆盖区水系沉积物金异常评价     

刘少明  刘忠田 《黄金地质》2001,7(2):35-40

研究区位于上黑龙江断陷和额尔古纳隆起两个次级构造单元。受断裂构造和岩浆活动的影响 ,Au在岩浆岩、变质岩、沉积岩、火山岩区分布及分配不均匀 ,变化趋势为沉积岩 >变质岩>火山岩 >岩浆岩。Au在水系沉积物中以化学作用形式搬运迁移 ,一般距离为 80 0～ 16 0 0m。金异常产出明显受断裂控制 ,并与燕山期岩浆活动密切相关。异常下限为 3 0× 10 - 9,是Au低背景值区。根据金异常地化特征、地质环境 ,采取水系加密法和土壤剖面法 ,结合路线地质调查 ,查证金异常的存在和追索金异常源  相似文献